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Abstract Research focused on interrogating post‐anoxic enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) at bench and pilot scales. Average bench‐scale effluent ranged from 0.33 to 1.4 mgP/L, 0.35 to 3.7 mgNH3‐N/L, and 1.1 to 3.9 mgNOx‐N/L. Comparatively, the pilot achieved effluent (50th percentile/average) of 0.13/0.2 mgP/L, 9.7/8.2 mgNH3‐N/L, and 0.38/3.3 mgNOx‐N/L under dynamic influent and environmental conditions. For EBPR process monitoring, P:C ratio data indicated that 0.2–0.4 molP/molC will result in stable EBPR; relatedly, a target design influent volatile fatty acid (VFA):P ratio would exceed 15 mgCOD/mgP. Post‐anoxic EBPR was enriched for
Nitrobacter spp. at 1.70%–20.27%, withParcubacteria also dominating; the former is putatively associated with nitritation and the latter is a putative fermenting heterotrophic organism. Post‐anoxic specific denitrification rates (SDNRs) (20°C) ranged from 0.70 to 3.10 mgN/gVSS/h; there was a strong correlation (R 2 = 0.94) between the SDNR and %Parcubacteria for systems operated at a 20‐day solids residence time (SRT). These results suggest that carbon substrate potentially generated by this putative fermenter may enhance post‐anoxic EBPR.Practitioner Points Post‐anoxic EBPR can achieve effluent of <0.2 mgP/L and <12 mgN/L.
The P:C and VFA:P ratios can be predictive for EBPR process monitoring.
Post‐anoxic EBPR was enriched for
Nitrobacter spp. overNitrospira spp. and also forParcubacteria , which is a putative fermenting heterotrophic organism.Post‐anoxic specific denitrification rates (20°C) ranged from 0.70 to 3.10 mgN/gVSS/h.
BLASTn analysis of 16S rDNA PAO primer set was shown to be improved to 93.8% for Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis and 73.2%–94.0% for all potential PAOs.
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Abstract The Twin Falls, Idaho wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), currently operates solely to achieve regulatory permit compliance. Research was conducted to evaluate conversion of the WWTP to a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) and to assess the WRRF environmental sustainability; process configurations were evaluated to produce five resources—reclaimed water, biosolids, struvite, biogas, and bioplastics (polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA). PHA production occurred using fermented dairy manure. State‐of‐the‐art biokinetic modeling, performed using Dynamita's SUMO process model, was coupled with environmental life cycle assessment to quantify environmental sustainability. Results indicate that electricity production via combined heat and power (CHP) was most important in achieving environmental sustainability; energy offset ranged from 43% to 60%, thereby reducing demand for external fossil fuel‐based energy. While struvite production helps maintain a resilient enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process, MgO2production exhibits negative environmental impacts; integration with CHP negates the adverse consequences. Integrating dairy manure to produce bioplastics diversifies the resource recovery portfolio while maintaining WRRF environmental sustainability; pilot‐scale evaluations demonstrated that WRRF effluent quality was not affected by the addition of effluent from PHA production. Collectively, results show that a WRRF integrating dairy manure can yield a diverse portfolio of products while operating in an environmentally sustainable manner.
Practitioner points Wastewater carbon recovery via anaerobic digestion with combined heat/power production significantly reduces water resource recovery facility (WRRF) environmental emissions.
Wastewater phosphorus recovery is of value; however, struvite production exhibits negative environmental impacts due to MgO2production emissions.
Bioplastics production on imported organic‐rich agri‐food waste can diversify the WRRF portfolio.
Dairy manure can be successfully integrated into a WRRF for bioplastics production without compromising WRRF performance.
Diversifying the WRRF products portfolio is a strategy to maximize resource recovery from wastewater while concurrently achieving environmental sustainability.
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Abstract Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) can recover significant quantities of wastewater phosphorus. However, this resource recovery process realizes limited use largely due to process stability concerns. The research evaluated the effects of anaerobic HRT (τAN) and VFA concentration—critical operational parameters that can be externally controlled—on EBPR performance. Evaluated alone, τAN(1–4 h) exhibited no statistical effect on effluent phosphorus. However, PHA increased with VFA loading and biomass accumulated more phosphorus. Regarding resiliency, under increasing VFA loads PAOs hydrolyzed more phosphorus to uptake/catabolize VFAs; moreover, PHA synthesis normalized to VFA loading increased with τAN, suggesting fermentation. Kinetically, PAOs exhibited a Monod‐like relationships for qPHAANand qVFAANas a function of anaerobic P release; additionally, qPAEexhibited a Monod‐like relationship with end‐anaerobic PHA concentration. A culminating analysis affirmed the relationship between enhanced aerobic P uptake, and net P removal, with a parameter (phosphorus removal propensity factor) that combines influent VFA concentration with τAN.
Practitioner points Evaluated alone τANexhibits no statistical effect on effluent phosphorus in an EBPR configuration.
Increased PHA synthesis, associated with increased VFAs and/or extended τAN,enhances aerobic phosphorus removal.
PHA synthesis normalized to VFA loading increased with τAN, suggesting fermentation in the EBPR anaerobic zone.
Aerobic phosphorus uptake increases linearly with anaerobic phosphorus release, with the slope exceeding unity.
Increased VFAs can be substituted for shorter anaerobic HRTs, and vice versa, to enhance EBPR performance.